Application description

Audience:

Intended for everyone interested in Biochemistry, particularly undergraduate and graduate life science students. 

Table of Contents:

I. Biomolecules

Carbohydrates: Overview | Monosaccharides | Sugar | Disaccharide | Oligosaccharide | Polysaccharide | Starch | Glycogen | Gluconeogenesis

Lipids: Overview | Fatty Acids | Fatty Acid Degradation | Fatty Acid Synthesis | Triglyceride | Waxes | Lipoprotein | Phospholipid | Cholesterol

Nucleic acids: Overview | DNA | DNA replication | Mitochondrial DNA | RNA | mRNA | tRNA | Non-coding RNA | siRNA | Codon | Adenosine | Cytosine | Guanine | Thymine | Uracil | Oligonucleotides

Proteins: Overview | Amino acid | Peptide | Primary structure | Secondary structure | Tertiary structure | Protein folding

List of standard amino acids: Alanine | Cysteine | Aspartate | Glutamate | Phenylalanine | Glycine | Histidine | Isoleucine | Lysine | Leucine | Methionine | Asparagine | Proline | Glutamine | Arginine | Serine | Threonine | Valine | Tryptophan | Tyrosine

Functional groups: Overview | Alcohol | Aldehyde | Alkane | Alkene | Alkyne | Amide | Amines | Azo compound | Toluene derivative | Carboxlate | Carboxylic acid | Cyanates | Ether | Ester | Haloalkane | Imine | Isocyanide | Isocyanates | Ketone | Nitrile | Nitro compoun | Nitroso compound | Peroxide | Benzene derivative | Phosphoric acid ester | Pyridine derivative | Sulfone | Sulfonic acid | Sulfoxide | Thiol

II. Chemical Properties

Bonds: Covalent bond | Non-covalent bonds | Ionic bond | Hydrogen bond | Van der Waals attractions | Hydrophobic forces

Hydrophilicity: Hydrophilic | Hydrophobic | Polar | Nonpolar

pH: pH | Acid | Alkaline | Base

Redox: Reduction and oxidation | Citric acid cycle | Hydrolysis

III. Structural Compounds

In cells: Overview | Actin | Intermediate filament | Microtubule | Flagellin | Peptidoglycan | Myelin | Myosin

In animals: Chitin | Keratin | Collagen | Silk

In plants: Cellulose | Lignin | Cell wall

IV. Enzymes

Enzymes: Definition | Etymology and history | 3D Structure | Thermodynamics | Kinetics | Inhibition | Metabolic pathways and allosteric enzymes | Enzyme-naming conventions

Examples: Proteolysis | Ubiquitin | Proteasome | Kinase | Dehydrogenase

V. Membranes And Transport

Membrane Structure: Overview | Fluid mosaic model | Detailed Structure

Membrane Components: Phospholipids | Sphingomyelin | Glycolipid | Glycocalix | Cholesterol | Antigen

Movement of Molecules: Diffusion | Osmosis | Electrochemical gradient

Passive transport: Passive transport | Facilitated diffusion | Ion channel

Active transport: Active transport | The ATP-Dependent Na/K Pump | V-ATPase | Proton pump | Electron transport | Antiporter | Symporter VI. Energy Pathways

Cellular respiration: Overview | Aerobic respiration | Theoretical yields | Anaerobic respiration | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | NADH | Flavin (FAD) | Pyruvate | Oxalate | Citrate

1. Glycolysis: Overview | Preparatory phase | Pay-off phase | Entry of sugars | Control of flux | Energy pay-off | Follow-up | Intermediates for other pathways | High aerobic glycolysis | Alternative nomenclature

2. Krebs cycle/Citric Acid cycle: Citric Acid cycle

3. Oxidative Phosphorylation: Oxidative phosphorylation | Oxidative decarboxylation

Mitochondrion: Overview | Functions | Reproduction and gene inheritance | Use in population genetic studies | Origin | Electron transport

Anaerobic respiration: Fermentation | Acetyl-CoA | Lactic acid | Ethanol fermentation

Photosynthesis: Overview | Plant photosynthesis | Photosynthesis in algae and bacteria | Discovery | Molecular production | Bioenergetics | Factors affecting photosynthesis | Light reaction | Dark reaction | Carbon Fixation | Calvin cycle

Pigments: Pigments | Chlorophyll | Carotenoids | Xanthophyll | Cytochrome | Phycobilin | Bacteriorhodopsin

Oxygen carriers: Hemoglobin | Myoglobin

VII. Signal Transduction

Signals: Overview | Types of signals | Trans ne receptors | Ion channel | Structure of transmembrane receptors | Integrin | Nuclear receptors

Intracellular signalling: Signal Amplification | Second messenger | Nuclear receptors | Calcium

Protein phosphorylation: Phosphorylation | Kinases | Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases | Phosphorylase kinase | Protein kinase A | Protein kinase C | Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases | MAP kinases | Mos/Raf kinases | Tyrosine-specific protein kinases | Histidine-specific protein kinases | Phosphatase | Calmodulin

G-Protein: Overview | G-protein-coupled receptors | GTPase

Hormons: Overview | Epinephrine | Norepinephrine | Peptide hormones | Insulin | Glucagon | Steroid Hormones | Cortisol | Testosterone | Eicosanoids | Growth factor | Auxin | Endocrine system

Molecular Biology: Genetic code | Gene expression | Protein biosynthesis | Transcription factor | Activator | Coactivator | Enhancer | Promoter | Alternative splicing | Intron

VIII. Techniques

Electrophoresis | Chromatography | Mass spectrometry | X-ray crystallography | Southern blot | Fractionation | Gram stain | Absorption spectrum | Action spectrum | Fluorescence

Product Features:

• Fully illustrated.
• Clear and concise explanations.
• Difficult concepts are explained in simple terms.
• A complete list of amino acids.
• A complete list of functional groups.
• Navigate from Table of Contents or search for words or phrases.
• Multi-Platform Excalibur capability (Excalibur, Excalibur, PC)
• Add Bookmarks
• Text annotation and mark-up
• Access the guide anytime, anywhere - at home, on the train, in the subway.
• Use your down time to prepare for an exam.
• Always have the guide available for a quick reference.
• Automatic synchronization between the Excalibur and the desktop PC. You could read half of the book on the Excalibur, then finish reading on the desktop. Annotations and drawings are also synchronized.

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